Combinatorial problems and multi-level models for the optimal design of electrical machines. Problèmes combinatoires et modèles multi-niveaux pour la conception optimale des machines électriques

Archive ouverte : Thèse

Tran, Tuan Vu

Edité par HAL CCSD

The design of electrical machinery has a long tradition and the business as usual approach is a tries and errors iterative process, certainly converging but necessarily stopped prematurely as too expensive. A recent upgrade has been to replace the prototypes and models by virtual prototypes, fully numerical, such as those provided by the finite element method. Nevertheless, the process stops always on a frustration, because the designer is never sure to have completely explored the design space that offers to him. The optimal design approach proposes to improve this process by guiding it, i.e. by proposing a methodology and by equiping it, i.e. by providing software tools. But in this approach many difficulties appear. Thus, the general objectives of this thesis are multiple. It is to define specific representative optimization problems of the structural choices and develop reference benchmarks of optimization: discrete, multi-physics, multidisciplinary, multi-objective and multi-level. Then, it must seek, adapt and describe the best optimization methods able to solve these problems. These methods are implemented and tested in order to prove their efficiency and adaptation. A secondary but important objective is to capitalize and disseminate the developed knowledge . La conception des machines électriques a une longue tradition et l’approche « business as usual » est un processus itératif d’essais et d’erreur, certes convergent mais nécessairement stoppé prématurément, car trop couteux. Un perfectionnement récent a consisté à remplacer les prototypes et les maquettes par des prototypes virtuels, entièrement numériques, comme ceux fournis par la méthode des éléments finis. Néanmoins, le procédé s’arrête toujours sur une frustration car le concepteur n’est jamais sûr d’avoir exploré complètement l’espace de conception qui s’offre à lui. La démarche de conception optimale se propose d’améliorer ce processus en le guidant, c'est-à-dire en proposant une méthodologie, et en l’automatisant, c'est-à-dire en proposant des outils logiciels. Mais dans cette démarche apparaissent de nombreuses difficultés. Ainsi, les objectifs généraux de cette thèse sont multiples. Il s’agit de définir des problèmes d'optimisation spécifiques représentatifs des choix structurels et d’élaborer des benchmarks de référence : discret, multiphysique, multidisciplinaire, multi-objectif et multi-niveaux. Ensuite, il faut rechercher, adapter et qualifier les méthodes d'optimisation les mieux à même de résoudre ces problèmes. Enfin, les différentes méthodes d'optimisation proposées sont implantées et testées de façon à prouver leur efficacité et leur adaptation. Un objectif secondaire mais important est de les capitaliser et diffuser les connaissances élaborées

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