[Invited] Micro and nanotechnological advances in diabetes management

Archive ouverte : Communication dans un congrès

Boukherroub, Rabah

Edité par HAL CCSD

International audience. Diabetes is defined as a chronic elevation of glycemia. Due to acute and chronic complications, the disease poses a major economic, social, and medical burden on society worldwide. Diabetes is characterized by insufficient insulin plasma level to meet the organism demand. In type 1 diabetes,absolute deficiency of insulin production results from massive auto-immune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. For this reason, the main therapy consists in delivering exogenous insulin. The treatment methods require numerous daily injections of insulin administered by subcutaneous needle injection, insulin pen and catheters connected to insulin pumps. These methods are however both painful and inconvenient as the invasive multiple injections of precisely calculated amounts of insulin present a significant deterioration of the life quality of the diabetic patients. The discomfort associated with this type of administration has led diabetic patients to neglect or even give up the therapy. There is thus an increasing demand for the design of new insulin administration systems and this has led to the investigations of oral, nasal, buccal, pulmonary, rectal, ocular and transdermal routes. Buccal insulin (Oral-lynTM) and pulmonary insulin (ExuberaR) were launched on the market although with small positive feedback by consumers. Oral administration of insulin is encountered with major problems such as hydrolysis in the low pH of gastric medium, splitting by proteinases in the stomach and weak penetration through the membrane of epithelial cells of the intestine. Transdermal delivery of insulin, a simple and painless method, represents a viable alternative for the controlled release of insulin over time together with high patience compliance. Insulin delivery through the skin has several advantages, including avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, avoidance of gastrointestinal side effects, possibility of extended therapy, therapy at demand, painless and friendly application. However, transdermal delivery is limited by the low permeability of the stratum corneum, the skin outermost layer, allowing only small (<500 Da) hydrophobic molecules to be delivered. In this presentation, I will discuss our original contribution on insulin transdermal delivery upon photothermal or electrothermal activation.

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